Tag: warming

Zoology | Primates descend from the tree again like human trunks in the past – Warming drives the growths of the canopy t

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Human strains once developed in Africa, when apes that lived in trees began to descend to the ground.
Other types of monkeys in Africa and Asia already got rid of their dependence on trees millions of years ago.
Climate change and the thinning of forests are currently leading to a similar development in both American monkeys and Madagascar proboscis monkeys, an international team of researchers found.
“The research started when many of us said they had noticed the same thing. Some populations of tree-dwelling primates have begun to spend more time on the ground, although the same species in more undisturbed areas may never descend to the ground,” describes the study in the bulletin American Timothy Eppley.
The study was published in the American Academy of Sciences In the Pnas science journal.
Team delved into the matter in more detail by collecting a total of approximately 15,000 hours of observations of 32 monkey species from various parts of South and Central America and 15 prosimian species throughout Madagascar.
On average, monkeys spent a couple of percent of their time on the ground, semi-monkeys about five. Differences were found between species and within the same species.
Primates seem to be attracted to the land by both the environmental conditions and the range of habits of each species, the researchers report in the Pnas magazine.

Moving in fragmented forests is difficult, unless you occasionally descend from a tree. As the climate warms, landing becomes more and more attractive.
In the tropics, the forest floor is cooler than the canopy, and there is water on the ground for drinking and bathing.
Nowadays, for example, brown lemurs from the hottest forests of Madagascar spend more time on the ground than their cooler congeners.
Most primates are kept in trees by eating fruit. The species that specialize in it, hunker down more reluctantly than the leaf eaters and omnivores, for whom new ground cover opens up.
To land also seems to be encouraged by the protection afforded by a large herd.
For example, spider monkeys in Brazil and bokombals in Madagascar hang out in larger groups in the forest than in the trees.
The spread of people may hinder development, as tree dwellers do not like to land near human settlements or roads.
Published in Science in Nature 1/2023
#Zoology #Primates #descend #tree #human #trunks #Warming #drives #growths #canopy #ground
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( With inputs from : pledgetimes.com )

February 28, 2023
‘Climate change, global warming impacted tea plantation in Assam’

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Guwahati: Climate change and global warming have adversely affected tea plantations in Assam in the last few years, experts said, adding that without irrigation, tea plantations are finding it difficult to survive.
P. Soman, senior agronomist and plant physiology expert, said that climate change is one of the top five challenges of the tea industry in Assam.
Soman, as a key speaker at a workshop at Golaghat, explained in depth “how changes in agronomy help micro irrigation technology to enhance crop performance”.
Tea plantations are highly climate dependent, he pointed out.
Speaking in the workshop, technical expert Vinay Radhakrishnan highlighted the importance of hydro pneumatic pumps of advanced technology.
The Tea Academy of North East Tea Association’s (NETA) has organised the two-day workshop on “Importance of Technology driven irrigation and fertigation in Tea” at the NETA headquarters at Golaghat.
Piyush Gattani, CEO of MD’s Organic (Distributor of Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd), highlighted the cost economics of installing drip irrigation with fertigation and automation in tea.
Senior tea planter from West Bengal, Shiv Saria, shared his broad experience and benefits he gained by using micro-irrigation in tea plantations.

Jain Irrigation Systems, for the first time in India, installed drip irrigation with fertigation and automation at around 100 hectares of tea plantation successfully in Assam’s Karbi Anglong.
Jain Irrigation is also working hand in hand with the tea plantation to introduce the latest precision micro-irrigation technology or need-based irrigation system.
In this system, the decision to irrigate and fertigate an agricultural field is derived based on inputs received from satellite field data, soil moisture sensors and other applications, NETA Advisor Bidyananda Barkakoty said.
He said that the two-day workshop was an eye opener to new possibilities of sustainable agricultural development and a way to deal with challenges faced by the tea farmers of Assam.
Assam, which produces roughly 55 per cent of India’s tea, has more than 10 lakh tea workers in the organised sector, working in about 850 big estates.
Besides, there are lakhs of small tea gardens owned by individuals.
The tea belts of Assam’s Brahmaputra and Barak Valley are home to more than 60 lakh people.
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#Climate #change #global #warming #impacted #tea #plantation #Assam
( With inputs from www.siasat.com )

February 6, 2023
Earth likely to cross 1.5 degree warming in next decade: AI study predicts

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Boston: The world will cross the global warming threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius within 10 to 15 years, even if emissions decline, according to a study that employed artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the results.
If emissions remain high over the next few decades, the study predicts a one-in-two chance that Earth will become 2 degrees Celsius hotter on average compared to pre-industrial times by the middle of this century, and a more than four-in-five chance of reaching that threshold by 2060.
The research, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, employed AI to predict climate change using recent temperature observations from around the world.
“Using an entirely new approach that relies on the current state of the climate system to make predictions about the future, we confirm that the world is on the cusp of crossing the 1.5 C threshold,” said the study’s lead author, Noah Diffenbaugh, a climate scientist at Stanford University in the US.
“Our AI model is quite convinced that there has already been enough warming that 2 C is likely to be exceeded if reaching net-zero emissions takes another half century,” said Diffenbaugh, who co-authored the research with Colorado State University atmospheric scientist Elizabeth Barnes.
The finding may be controversial, Diffenbaugh said, because other authoritative assessments, including the most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), have concluded that the 2-degree mark is unlikely to be reached if emissions decline to net zero before 2080.
Crossing the 1.5 C and 2 C thresholds would mean failing to achieve the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, in which countries pledged to keep global warming to “well below” 2 C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing the more ambitious goal of limiting warming to 1.5 C.
Previous assessments have used global climate models to simulate future warming trajectories; statistical techniques to extrapolate recent warming rates; and carbon budgets to calculate how quickly emissions will need to decline to stay below the Paris Agreement targets.

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#Earth #cross #degree #warming #decade #study #predicts
( With inputs from www.siasat.com )

January 31, 2023