SRINAGAR: The Lieutenant Governor, Manoj Sinha has strongly condemned the blasts that have taken place in Narwal, Jammu this morning.
Senior police officials briefed the Lt Governor about the blast and on the state of investigation. He called for urgent steps to identify and take action against those responsible.
“Such dastardly acts highlight the desperation and cowardice of those responsible. Take immediate and firm action. No efforts should be spared to bring the perpetrators to justice,” the Lt Governor told the security officials.
The Lt Governor has offered heartfelt sympathies to those injured. He also announced relief of Rs. 50,000 to those injured in the incident. The Lt Governor said that the administration would ensure best possible treatment and extend every help required by the families.
Dr Muzaffar A Macha has been a ‘golden boy’ throughout. At AIIMS and abroad and now home as head of IUST’s Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, after working extensively on head and neck cancers, he has been able to identify an antidote for managing the excruciating pain during all cancers. In a freewheeling conversation with Masood Hussain, the young scientist talks about his research career and the immediate goals he has set for himself and the centre
KASHMIR LIFE (KL): How was your journey from Kashmir to the USA and then back to Kashmir?
DR MUZAFFAR A MACHA (MAM): I have done my schooling at Madrassa Taleem-ul Islam (MTI), Tral. Then I did my bachelor’s in Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences from SP College Srinagar. After that, I went to the Jamia Hamdard for my master’s, which I completed in 2005. I topped there and also received a gold medal.
Then, I applied to various universities including Jawaharlal Nehru University, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, CCMB Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics for PhD. I was selected by three Universities, but I choose AIIMS, because of my personal preference and because of the good translational (applications to humans) research work that was being carried out at AIIMS.
There, I joined the laboratory of Dr Ranju Ralhan. Then I was shifted to another mentor, Sham Singh Chauhan who is the head of AIIMS’s biotechnology department.
I completed my PhD in 2010 and was awarded with a Gold medal called Gita Mittal Award for the best PhD student with the best publications. My PhD work was mostly about head and neck cancer.
After that, I went to the University of Nebraska Medical Center for my post-doctorate. There, I joined Dr Surinder Batra, a scientist and a pancreatic cancer specialist. I worked extensively there on cancer biology. Since I had worked on head and neck cancers during my PhD, because of the fact that India has the most cases of this cancer, I started a group to work further on this.
We continued to work for four and a half years till the completion of my Postdoc. After that, I was inducted there as an Assistant Professor in the same department. I continued there until 2019 and moved back home because of certain family reasons and eagerness to serve my own society.
After coming back, I applied for the Ramanujan Fellowship and Ramalingaswamy Fellowship and I was selected for both fellowships. I joined the Central University of Kashmir (CUK) as a Ramanujan Fellow.
A year after working there, I moved to the Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST). Soon joining as a Ramalingaswami fellow, I was selected as an Assistant professor for Molecular Medicine in the Centre. Presently I am heading the centre.
KL: Cancer is among the most life-threatening diseases. Where the science is right now in the understanding of cancer?
MAM: In the last 10 years, the technology that has emerged to identify cancer, to know the cause of cancer and to understand the basic molecular biological concepts proved to be useful and convenient. To a very large extent, we have conquered the battle against cancer. The immunotherapy that is often used these days is yielding good results in treating cancer. Recent studies and clinical trials all over the world proved that immunotherapy is good among all methods for treating cancer.
The Awantipora Molecule
KL: You have worked extensively on Head and Neck Cancer during your PhD. What were the major takeaways from the research?
MAM: As per the studies and statistical data, India has a huge consumption of tobacco products. Head and neck cancer is mostly because of the consumption of tobacco-based products. My research project during my PhD was based on “How cancer is caused by the consumption of Tobacco based products?” I identified cancer development at the molecular and cellular levels. I identified the novel signalling pathways that get activated and lead to cancer.
Along with this, I identified the usage of natural compounds like Curcumin and Guggulsterone to nullify the effects of smokeless tobacco. These compounds can largely reduce the effects of cancer-causing smokeless tobacco.
KL: Has there been any kind of comparative study? I mean is the pattern different for cancers caused by smoking and non-smoking cancer agents?
MAM: It has been studied and is widely accepted all over the world that smokeless tobacco agents mostly cause mouth cancer but smoking usually causes lung cancer. Still, there are cases of people in India and even in Kashmir who have lung cancer even though they had not consumed any smoking or non-smoking product. Thus it is not only the eating habit, which may lead to cancer, although in the majority of cases, it is true but there are genetic causes also. The off-springs of individuals suffering from cancer are more susceptible to cancer because of certain mutations.
KL: Were your findings accepted by the market and what was the response from academia?
MAM: During my PhD days, we ran a clinical trial in the department of biochemistry and the department of head and neck Surgery of AIIMS. Patients with head and neck cancer were given Curcumin and the effects were studied. I found out that curcumin prevents cancer to some extent. It also reduces the size and recurrence /regrowth of cancer.
KL: After completing the successful clinical trials, things usually move to the pharma sector. Is there any such thing based on clinical trials that the market was triggered by your findings?
MAM: In India, clinical trials were done for curcumin and there are even curcumin derivative compounds in the market that are used as cancer-preventive agents. In the advanced and late stages of cancer, these compounds are not effective but they help in preventing the occurrence of cancer at the early stages.
KL: You did your Postdoc in the USA, What was your research about, and what were the major takeaways from that?
MAM: Initially I worked on pancreatic cancer under the mentorship of Dr Surinder Batra. There, I recapitulated the findings of my PhD work, that is how the natural compounds can prevent the development of cancer and decrease cancer-causing active signalling pathways present in head and neck cancer. I attempted to use the same for pancreatic cancer. My other colleague was working on a molecule called Mucin (MUC4). The findings of my PhD proved that Guggulsterone decreases the expression of Mucin/MUC4.
Expression of Muc4 in the cells increases the tendency of having more aggressive and proliferative cancer. My research study was to reduce the proliferation (Metastasis) and aggressiveness of cancer cells using Guggulsterone.
After that, I created a group of dedicated people to study head and neck cancer. I also came to know that MUC4 is expressed in around 90 per cent of cancer patients, and it causes drug resistance against cancer with time. I came to know that MUC4 is an important factor in the development and metastasis of both pancreatic as well as head and neck cancer.
Dr Muzaffar A Macha (WCCMM-IUST)
KL: What was the follow-up of your research? You must be in touch with the labs still because the scientific community remains in touch with each other. Has there been any kind of formal movement to what you did during your Postdoc?
MAM: No one worked on the MUC4 for quite a long time, but when I was inducted as an Assistant Professor, I started to work on one more molecule called NR4A2 (a transcription factor). I concluded that this molecule has a major role in causing intense pain during cancer. I along with other colleagues are working to design an inhibitor against it. We have identified three inhibitors and we are going to publish this very soon. Inhibitors reduce pain across all cancer patients to a very large extent.
Besides, we found that the pain in pancreatic cancer due to the Perineural-invasion (i.e., Cancer cells penetrate into the nerve cells), is also because of the NR4A2 molecule and can be cured with the help of inhibitors.
KL: You are currently working at the Watson-Crick Center for Molecular Medicine of the IUST. What is your individual research focus there?
MAM: In Kashmir particularly, gastrointestinal tract cancers like oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and colorectal cancer are more common in people among all the cancers. Kashmir has the third highest number of oesophageal cancer patients all over the world after China and some areas of Iran.
Although there has been a lot of research work on colorectal cancer and oesophageal cancer, but the actual biology and high throughput technology have not been used here in Kashmir until now. We still do not have the cell-line models and animal models which are necessary to study cancer.
My current project under the Ramalingaswami Fellowship is to develop in-vitro models in order to better study oesophageal and gastric cancers. These models can be used to study the underlying biology and molecular biology of cancer.
KL: Since your Centre is newly established, what is the present state and status of its infrastructure?
MAM: The Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine started in 2018 but the faculty recruitment was done in 2020. I along with my colleagues like Dr Rais and Dr Arsheed joined in 2020. We started from zero. There was very little infrastructure around and within less than two years, we achieved a great feat. It is all with the help from the higher authorities at the IUST. We now are at the stage of working at an extensive pace and for longer durations. Earlier we had the limitation of culture rooms here but now we almost have everything to do full-fledged research.
KL: Do you have the limitation of any major equipment because high-end research essentially needs sophisticated machinery?
MAM: We do not have high-end and high-throughput machinery, but we have basic instruments. We have procured many instruments and machines and we are in the process of procuring many other. We have an allotment of around Rs 6 crore of funding grants of which Rs 1 crore is for procuring instruments. Projects that require high-end instruments are mostly being done in collaboration with other departments or are outsourced.
KL: Many times more than one university work on the same research topic, but every university has a different vision and different priority. Is any other institution in Kashmir working on the same topic as you do?
MAM: As such, there is only one scientist at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences working on the in-vitro models, but I do not know what stage has he reached. Importantly it is worth knowing whether you have the expertise for the research or not. During my Postdoc and Assistant professorship, I have personally made many in-vitro models, so I have the expertise to carry forward that work in our Center at the IUST.
SRINAGAR: At least five persons were injured in twin mysterious blast in Narwal area of Jammu on Saturday.
Quoting a senior police officer news agency GNS reported that the blasts were reported from two vehicles, leading to injuries to five persons.
The injured have been evacuated to nearby hospital.
“The area has been cordoned off and senior police officer along with other police personnel are at the spot and further investigations are underway,” he said.
SRINAGAR: The Jammu-Srinagar Highway has been closed for vehicular traffic due to shooting stones at Panthyal on Saturday, officials said.
“Traffic movement stopped from both ends on Jammu Srinagar NHW in view of road blocked at Panthyal due to continuous shooting stones,” Traffic police said in a tweet.
SRINAGAR: Jammu and Kashmir Police on Saturday launched a probe into a firing incident near the house of a former MLA in Poonch district.
Police said there were reports of some 12 bore gunshots having been fired towards the house of former MLA Choudhary Muhammad Akram in Lassana village of Surankote area.
“Since the house is in the vicinity of a forest, it could be shots from a hunter’s gun those hit a street light near the outer wall of the MLA’s house.”
“There was no damage. We have taken cognisance of the incident and started investigation,” the police said. (IANS)
SRINAGAR: Five people were killed and 15 others injured on late Friday evening in a road accident in Kathua district, Police said.
The Police said the driver of a mini-bus lost control on the wheel at Sila village of Billawar area in Kathua.
“The mini-bus plunged into a gorge killing four passengers on the spot and injuring 16 others.”
“One injured person died while being carried to the hospital. The bus was going to Dhanu Parole village from Mondli,” police added.
The deceased persons were identified as Bantu son of Isher Das of Ward Number 9 (Padethar), Hansraj son of Munshi Ram of Ward Number 9 (Padethar), Ajeet Singh (32) son of Ram Chand, resident of Dhanu Parole and Amroo wife of Hansraj, resident of Ward Number 4 (Bathodi), Kaku Ram son of Krishan Chand and resident of Dhanu Parole.
The injured persons were identified as Liaquat Ali (10) son of Nami Din of Dhanu Parole, Jyoti (22) wife of Deep Kumar of Dhanu Parole, Deep Kumar (28) son of Thakur Singh of Dhanu Parole, Preeto Devi (40) wife of Rattan Singh of Dhanu Parole, Santo Devi (50) wife of Shankaar Dass of Dhanu Parole, Sudesh Kumar (30) son of Prem Chand of Padodi, Khem Raj (18) son of Pukh Raj of Banjal Bhadwal, Kewal (25) son of Rattan Chand of Dhanu Parole, Reshma Begum (25) wife of Nami Din of Dhanu Parole, Neelam (40) wife of Sanjay Kumar of Duggani, Sanjay Kumar (45) son of Hans Raj of Duggani, Surinder Kumar (24) son of Ramesh Kumar of Banjal Bhadwal, Ramesh Kumar (45) son of Bhagat Ram of Padodi, Kaku Ram (40) son of Krishan Chand of Dhanu Parole, Amrik Chand (27) son of Hans Raj of Padodi and Dalip Singh (26) son of Kartar Singh of Banjal Bhadwal.
SRINAGAR: 25 -year-old Nadia Shameem of Adoora Baramulla has proved that no financial crisis, hardship and adversity can stop you from achieving your goal. Nadia, who cleared the prestigious Jammu & Kashmir Combined Competitive Examination, quit regular studies at very young age and took up a lowly-paid government job to support her family financially, but didn’t give up her dream of making it big in life.
Nadia Shameem
Nadia said she did her schooling from Kekashan School, Handwara.
“I have done my initial schooling from Kehkashan School Handwara. After passing my 10th class examination, I got admission in the Saint Joseph Baramulla for higher secondary education. I secured 3rd position in the entrance examination conducted by the institution for admission,” she said.
Nadia said she got admission in SKUAST Kashmir, but had to quit her studies after she was selected for a job of in the civil secretariat.
“I had to quit my studies due to financial constraints. I joined as an orderly in the civil secretariat to support my family,” news agency KNO quoted Nadia as having said.
Nadia said she continued her studies through distance mode after taking up the job.
“I completed my B.A (Hons) in Sociology from IGNOU because I wanted Sociology to be my optional,” she said, adding that she simultaneously started preparing for civil services.
“After getting into service, I got more insights and inspirations to be part of the service,” she added.
Nadia, who cracked the prestigious civil service examination in her maiden attempt, said her mother and her teachers were an inspiration for her.
“The motivation behind my journey was my mother, my teachers and my colleagues who had faith in me. Everybody would feel that I have the potential to do the best against all odds. This thing kept the fire alive in me,” she said.
She said it was a bit difficult to balance between job and studies, but she managed.
“I would get up early to study and off days on Saturday and Sunday really helped me in preparation for the examination. I took earned leave right before Prelims, Mains and Interview,” she said.
Her mother Shameema, a housewife, says her daughter excelled in studies right from childhood.
“My daughter has been an amazing student. She bagged state-level positions in 10th as well as 12th class. She was loved by all her teachers and relatives for being extraordinary,” she said.
Shameema says her daughter was adamant to be financially independent.
“It was her decision to quit studies at SKUAST as she is a very responsible daughter. After taking up the job, she took up another challenge to clear the civil services examination. She qualified the examination. I am proud of my daughter,” she said.
JAMMU: Senior BJP leader Devender Singh Rana said the Congress has become the B-team of soft separatist, Kashmir centric and communal Peoples’ Alliance for Gupkar Delegation (PAGD) with Rahul Gandhi furthering its cause as a foot-soldier.
“The Congress does not seem to have learned any lesson from its repeated follies as the fourth generation Nehru-Gandhi scion is now hobnobbing with soft-separatists, known for their divisive, communal and separatist politics ,” Rana said while interacting with delegations that called on him here this afternoon.
He held the Congress responsible for decades long mess in Jammu and Kashmir, saying the party and its new found allies are destined to fail, as the BJP is committed to clear the mess and put Jammu and Kashmir on the path of political stability and prosperity.
Devender Rana said the beginning of undoing the wrongs commenced on August 5, 2019 when Parliament repealed the Article 370, granting special status to this part of the country, and making it integral with the nation emotionally and in totality. He said the onus now lies on the Congress to clear its stand on this historic milestone, especially in the wake of its alliance with the PAGD, which has made known its opposition to total integration of J&K with the Dominium of India.
Devender Rana said, as if the follies and erroneous political moves of Jawaharlal Nehru in respect of Jammu and Kashmir were not enough, Rahul Gandhi has embarked upon the ‘Mission Break India’ under the garb of “Bharat Jodo Yatra” , which is reflected by his controversial alliances with elements inimical to peace and tranquility. By joining hands with the PAGD, the Congress has allowed itself to get consumed by their politics of deceit and deception, he added.
“It is because of the policy paralysis and wrong decision from time to time that the Congress is on the verge of its extinction in the entire country,” Devender Rana said, adding that the plight of the so-called grand old party is that it is losing its ground in the length and breadth of the country.
Rana said the people of Jammu and Kashmir can see through the political opportunism of the trio—the Congress, the NC and the PDP, who are desperate to grab power by hook and crook. The trauma with the three parties is that they are no more relevant in the political arena of Jammu and Kashmir, given their trail of misgovernance and anti-people policies. On the contrary, the BJP has created a niche for itself due to path breaking initiatives taken for welfare of the people and progress of the both regions of Kashmir and Jammu. He said the Union Territory is close to the heart of the Prime Minister, who has a vision for Naya J&K, where opportunities of progress are available to all, irrespective of region or religion, and without any discrimination or appeasement.
Rana referred to the initiatives taken for holistic development being undertaken across Jammu and Kashmir with focus on investments for growth and job generation. He said the time is not far when the gains of investment will be discernible in terms of infrastructural development and avenues of jobs to professionals, educated unemployed besides skilled and unskilled workforce.
